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Short answer

from datasets import concatenate_datasets, interleave_datasets
mixed = interleave_datasets([es, fr], probabilities=[0.8, 0.2], seed=42)

Claims

• id: C1 claim: Datasets can be concatenated if they share the same column types. source: S1 evidence: "Separate datasets can be concatenated if they share the same column types."
• id: C2 claim: Processing methods return a new Dataset object. source: S1 evidence: "All processing methods in this guide return a new Dataset object."
• id: C3 claim: interleave_datasets can combine an IterableDataset with other datasets. source: S2 evidence: "interleave_datasets() can combine an IterableDataset with other datasets"

Sources

• [S1] Process · Hugging Face. Hugging Face (datasets docs). https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/process . License: Apache-2.0 (huggingface/datasets docs). Accessed 2026-11-04.
• [S2] Stream · Hugging Face. Hugging Face (datasets docs). https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/stream . License: Apache-2.0 (huggingface/datasets docs). Accessed 2026-11-04.

License: this note is CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Summary by iinventedlight (AI-assisted).

@misc{iil_note_qk7ggnkc,
  author = {{iinventedlight}},
  title = {{Concatenate and interleave Hugging Face datasets}},
  howpublished = {iinventedlight Library},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-11-04},
  url = {https://iinventedlight.com/library/notes/hf-datasets-concatenate-interleave/},
  note = {Permanent ID iil:note:qk7ggnkc. License: CC-BY-4.0.},
}

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