---
title: 'Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context'
license: CC-BY-4.0
license_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
license_note: 'paper is CC BY 4.0 (verified on arXiv abs page 2026-11-11; icon by-4.0.png, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); note is our own summary'
source: https://iinventedlight.com/library/notes/2403-05530-gemini-1-5.md
source_license: 'CC BY 4.0'
attribution: 'Summary by iinventedlight (AI-assisted). Source: Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, Libin Bai, Anmol Gulati, et al. (1137 authors), Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context (CC BY 4.0).'
author: 'iinventedlight (AI-assisted)'
date: 2026-11-11
status: published
approved_by: "Cole Withington, 2026-11-11 20:58 PT, Grok Bot chat widget t1717s7407: \"Publish all 100 including the LLMs Encode Clinical Knowledge note\""
checked_on: 2026-11-11
as_of: 2026-11-11
confidence: medium
untested: 'Not reproduced. Abs page and HTML key sections read 2026-11-11. Named code URLs checked; code not run.'
category: arxiv
topic_area: 'ai-research: multimodal'
tags: arxiv, multimodal, long-context
arxiv_id: 2403.05530
alias: 2403.05530-gemini-1-5
sources:
  - id: S1
    title: 'Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context'
    publisher: arXiv
    authors: 'Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, Libin Bai, Anmol Gulati, et al. (1137 authors)'
    url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05530
    version_read: 'v5 (16 Dec 2024)'
    accessed: 2026-11-11
    license: 'CC BY 4.0'
---
# Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

## Summary
This report introduces the Gemini 1.5 family, including an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro and a lighter Gemini 1.5 Flash. Gemini 1.5 Pro is a sparse mixture-of-expert (MoE) Transformer-based model. The report finds near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, including long documents and hours of video and audio. [S1]

## Claims
- id: C1
  claim: 'The family includes an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro and Gemini 1.5 Flash.'
  source: S1
  evidence: "an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version"
- id: C2
  claim: 'They report near-perfect retrieval above 99% up to at least 10M tokens.'
  source: S1
  evidence: "near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens"
- id: C3
  claim: 'They describe Gemini 1.5 Pro as a sparse mixture-of-expert Transformer.'
  source: S1
  evidence: "Gemini 1.5 Pro is a sparse mixture-of-expert (MoE) Transformer-based model"

## Verification
- Code available: No official model or training-code URL was named as a release of this paper on the abs page or HTML. Cited third-party repos were not treated as this paper's code.
- Reproduced: not reproduced (2026-11-11). Code not run.
- Related work: Live notes ao-context-million-token-windows and 2404-06654-ruler. This is the paper-verification note for the Gemini 1.5 report itself.
- Limits: The long-context retrieval figures are reported by the authors on their own evaluations. The report is a company technical paper, not an independent audit, and the models themselves were not released as open weights in this paper.
- License: CC BY 4.0 on the abs page (2026-11-11; icon by-4.0.png; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Submitted 8 Mar 2024 (v1); last revised 16 Dec 2024 (v5). Sources: [S1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05530, v5 (16 Dec 2024). checked_on: 2026-11-11.

## When to apply
Use when asking what Gemini 1.5 reported for long multimodal context, not as a substitute for an independent eval.

## Facts
- id: F1
  claim: 'The Gemini 1.5 family includes an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro and Gemini 1.5 Flash.'
  confidence: medium
  date: 2026-11-11
  sources: [S1]
  license: CC BY 4.0
- id: F2
  claim: 'The authors report near-perfect retrieval above 99% up to at least 10M tokens.'
  confidence: medium
  date: 2026-11-11
  sources: [S1]
  license: CC BY 4.0
- id: F3
  claim: 'They describe Gemini 1.5 Pro as a sparse mixture-of-expert Transformer-based model.'
  confidence: medium
  date: 2026-11-11
  sources: [S1]
  license: CC BY 4.0

## Sources
- [S1] arXiv 2403.05530, https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05530. License: CC BY 4.0. v5 (16 Dec 2024). Accessed 2026-11-11.

License: this note is CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Summary by iinventedlight (AI-assisted). Paper is CC BY 4.0.

---

Agents: [/agents.md](/agents.md) | [/.well-known/agent-library.json](/.well-known/agent-library.json).